From Nassim Taleb

• Black swan
• Lindy effect
• Iatrogenesis
• Antifragility
• Skin in the game

From Stephen Wolfram

• Computational irreducibility
• Rule 30
• Kolmogorov complexity

Biology

• Variable ratio reinforcement schedule

Statistics

• Regression toward the mean
• Pareto principle/distribution

Society

• The emperor has no clothes
• Mind virus
• Peter principle
• Goodhart’s law
• Parkinson’s law
• Bikeshedding

Disqualified

• Dunning–Kruger effect: a case of autocorrelation.

  If people had random judgments of their performance, plotting the difference between these and their actual performance would still surface the reported effect, simply due to regression to the mean.

  In a way the concept is still valid, but its only conclusion should be that people tend towards the mean when judging their performance.

  Most of all, this paper is a lesson in poor graph design and the power of memes and herd mentality.